high fat diet hfd  (Valiant Co Ltd)

Journal: iScience

Article Title: B cell-derived nociceptin/orphanin FQ contributes to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obesity

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112819

Figure Lengend Snippet: B cell-specific Pnoc deletion enhances glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity during high-fat diet feeding (A) Body weight of control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 11) mice after HFD feeding. (B) Percentage fat mass of control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 11) mice fed an HFD, measured every two weeks. (C) Relative tissue weight of inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT), epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and liver from control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 11) mice after 16 weeks of HFD feeding. (D) Serum leptin levels in control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 7) mice after 16 weeks of HFD feeding. (E) Blood glucose levels in control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 11) mice after 16 weeks of HFD feeding. (F) Serum insulin levels in control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 11) mice after 16 weeks of HFD feeding. (G) Glucose tolerance test (GTT) performed after 8 weeks of HFD in control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 11) mice. Blood glucose levels were measured at the indicated time points following glucose administration. Area under the curve (AUC) is shown in the right panel. (H) Baseline blood glucose levels measured after overnight fasting in control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 10) mice. (I) Insulin tolerance test (ITT) performed after 6 weeks of HFD in control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 11) mice. Blood glucose levels were measured at the indicated time points following insulin administration. Area under the curve (AUC) is shown in the right panel. (J) Baseline blood glucose levels measured prior to insulin injection during the ITT in control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 11) mice. (K) GTTs performed after 14 weeks of HFD in control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 10) mice. (L) Baseline blood glucose levels measured after overnight fasting in control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 10) mice. (M) ITTs performed after 12 weeks of HFD in control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 11) mice. Blood glucose levels were measured at the indicated time points following insulin administration. Area under the curve (AUC) is shown in the right panel. (N) Baseline blood glucose levels measured in control ( n = 8) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 9) mice. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (A, B, G, I, K, and M) and two-tailed Student’s t test (C, D, E, F, H, J, L, and N as well as the AUC inserts in G, K, I, and M). Significance levels are indicated as ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Experimental mice had ad libitum access to either a normal chow diet (NCD; V1534-000; ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH) containing 67kJ% carbohydrates, 24kJ% protein and 9kJ% fat or a high-fat diet (HFD, E15742-34,corresponds to D12492, ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH) containing 20kJ% carbohydrates, 20kJ% protein and 60kJ% fat.

Techniques: Control, Injection, Two Tailed Test

Journal: iScience

Article Title: B cell-derived nociceptin/orphanin FQ contributes to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obesity

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112819

Figure Lengend Snippet: B cell-specific Pnoc deletion alters immune cell recruitment in the liver under high-fat diet conditions (A) Representative images of H&E-stained liver sections from control and Pnoc ΔCD19 mice fed a HFD. Scale bar: 200 μm. (B) Volcano plot illustrating the distribution of differentially expressed genes in liver samples from control ( n = 3) and PnocΔCD19 ( n = 3) mice fed an HFD. (C) Gene ontology (GO) term analysis highlighting downregulated signaling pathways (dark blue) in liver samples from PnocΔCD19 mice compared to controls. (D) GO term analysis highlighting upregulated signaling pathways (dark red) in liver samples from PnocΔCD19 mice compared to controls.

Article Snippet: Experimental mice had ad libitum access to either a normal chow diet (NCD; V1534-000; ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH) containing 67kJ% carbohydrates, 24kJ% protein and 9kJ% fat or a high-fat diet (HFD, E15742-34,corresponds to D12492, ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH) containing 20kJ% carbohydrates, 20kJ% protein and 60kJ% fat.

Techniques: Staining, Control, Protein-Protein interactions

Journal: iScience

Article Title: B cell-derived nociceptin/orphanin FQ contributes to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obesity

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112819

Figure Lengend Snippet: B cell-specific Pnoc deletion alters macrophage recruitment and improves visceral adipose health under high-fat diet conditions (A) Representative images of H&E staining of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) from control and Pnoc ΔCD19 mice fed an HFD. Scale bar: 200 μm. (B) Quantification of adipocyte area in eWAT samples from control and Pnoc ΔCD19 mice fed an HFD. (C) Representative images of immunohistochemical staining for MAC2 in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) from control and Pnoc ΔCD19 mice fed an HFD. Scale bar: 200 μm. (D) Immunofluorescence staining of MAC2 (green), CD163 (magenta) and Perilipin (white). Scale bar: 100 μm. Cells were counted in four distinct fields of the same section per sample, and the average number per section was calculated. (E) Quantification of MAC2-expressing cells eWAT from control ( n = 5) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 5) mice fed an HFD. (F) Quantification of CD163-expressing cells eWAT from control ( n = 5) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 5) mice fed an HFD. (G) Validation of the pan-macrophage marker Adgre1 (F4/80, Emr1) expression by RT-qPCR in eWAT samples from control ( n = 4) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 3) mice fed an HFD. (H) Volcano plot depicting the distribution of differentially expressed genes in eWAT samples from control ( n = 4) and Pnoc ΔCD19 ( n = 3) mice fed an HFD. (I and J) Gene ontology (GO) term analysis highlighting (I) upregulated (purple) and (J) downregulated (blue) signaling pathways in eWAT samples from control ( n = 4) and Pnoc ΔCD19 (=3) mice fed an HFD. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (B) or two-tailed Student’s t test (E, F, and G). Significance levels are indicated as ∗ p < 0.05 and ∗∗ p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Experimental mice had ad libitum access to either a normal chow diet (NCD; V1534-000; ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH) containing 67kJ% carbohydrates, 24kJ% protein and 9kJ% fat or a high-fat diet (HFD, E15742-34,corresponds to D12492, ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH) containing 20kJ% carbohydrates, 20kJ% protein and 60kJ% fat.

Techniques: Staining, Control, Immunohistochemical staining, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Biomarker Discovery, Marker, Quantitative RT-PCR, Protein-Protein interactions, Two Tailed Test